Quantitative Methods for Social Health Research Essay - 2

Quantitative Methods for Social Health Research - Essay Example As the exposition declaresâ cigarette smoking has adverse ramifications on the wellbeing of an individual. All things considered, regardless of monitoring the impacts of smoking, thinks that its difficult to stop the propensity. Governments have contrived instruments of limiting the measure of cigarette smoked with a few estimates including plain bundling of cigarette. Plain bundling of tobacco is a bundling that requires expulsion of all marking and just requires the maker to print a brand name in commanded size notwithstanding a wellbeing cautioning to help in drawing the smokers’ consideration more to the wellbeing notice. According to the 2010 measurable figures by Australian foundation of wellbeing and government assistance 2010, there is a noteworthy decrease in day by day smoking by 15% since 2007. In any case, it is as yet important to comprehend the effect of plain bundling of cigarette on the smoking propensities to explicit gatherings like the universal students.Th is paper stresses thatâ the impact of plain cigarette bundling relies upon the smoking degree of an individual. For a fiend, plain bundling has a little effect while, for a starter, the bundling would cause to notice the wellbeing warning. A randomized controlled preliminaries trial study found that marking impacts the advancement of a smoking habit. The smokers kept away from all wellbeing alerts, while intermittent smokers gave more consideration to plain packs than those on the marked ones. The discoveries show that plain bundling of cigarette pulls in more thoughtfulness regarding the wellbeing cautioning than those of the marked ones, in this way can impact the smoking propensity.

Research Paper on Statistics on Health Care Prescription Errors Essay Example for Free

Research Paper on Statistics on Health Care Prescription Errors Essay Research Paper on Statistics on Health Care Prescription Errors Presentation Connection between Error in Healthcare solution and the irregularity in Technological data Foundation Information   A part of blunders are happening inside the social insurance field recently. They result from numerous elements. Among the guideline reasons for mistake are identified with wrong remedies. As showed by Benjamin (770), one of the components that assume a basic job in this is the utilization of cutting edge innovative techniques. PCs have been utilized to help in the modernized passage of remedy orders. For example, Walgreens drug store, where I work is an online medication store that permits clients to buy tranquilizes over the web. This represents an incredible threat of wrong request translations, irregularities and misfills. Previously, these have brought about the ownership of risky medications, dosing blunders and other blend ups.Depending on the force of the solution, they can bring about serious wounds on the patient or even lead to casualty rates. Thusly, they lead to pointless legal disputes and lawful suits that in the end cost numerous social insurance foundations and experts a great deal of assets that are paid to provide food for the harms (Carroll 52-8). For this, there is a need to inspect the primary driver of broken remedies to guarantee that such avoidable results are kept at their conceivable insignificant rates. This paper investigated the event of solution mistakes because of request sections at Walgreens. The principleconcerns that were managed in this examina tion include: What are the normal reasons for medicate irregularities at the drug store? What sort of data innovation is utilized in the arrangement of legitimate remedy? Are there explicit activities that are identified with conflictingly given data in a similar remedy request passage? What administering mistakes are well on the way to happen in an online medication store? Philosophy   The study was forthcoming as it was involved 20 drug specialists from clinical focuses and Walgreens physicist, which is an online store situated in Wasilla in Alaska. For around 2 months, they gave a report about the conflicting request section of remedies. It was essentially founded on correspondence. In that capacity, both essential and optional information assortment methodswere utilized. Consequently, it incorporated the utilization of reviews for the assortment of direct data. In this sense polls and meetings from the participantswereused to accumulate data for the information. For precision and appropriate approval, these were joined with secondarysources, for example, the national wellbeing measurements (Wu, Pronovost, Morlock 88). It included the choice of 30 electronically recovered remedies from the free content field for any remarks on solution mistakes with respect to Walgreens drug store. In this way, the examination involved the general assessment of 60 solution records. Information assortment   The information was utilized to catch the drug, center administering mistakes and the kinds of irregularities in blunder. Among the components to thought about included measurements, off base medication, wrong amount, unseemly, insufficient and off base marking. Different components that caused irregularities were deficient bearings for use, wrong bundling, planning and capacity of drug before administering. It was important to utilize prescient qualities to decide when the prescriptive blunders are probably going to be higher. Information investigation   The information was entered in a Microsoft database. 30 records were chosen arbitrarily to approve the information. From inquire about, 99.7% of these are required to be right. Engaging measurements portrayed irregularity. A portion of the determinants of mistake, for example, inpatients and outpatients, analgesics and anti-microbials, those that are less as often as possible endorsed and those on high alarm wereanalyzed. They will be accommodated hurt classes where t tests and χ2 tests will be utilized. Downright factors utilized the Fisher test for clear cut factors of 2 levels and the χ2 for those with more than 2. Measurable noteworthiness or ÃŽ ± =.05 were applied to test predators with the Wald χ2 test. In this examination, the relapse model of multivariantlogistics technique for information investigation will be utilized. The technique will principally recognize various factors in correspondence prescriptive mistakes comparable to their seriousness. It will utilize a summed up approach with evaluated conditions. Results   The results were filled in the table underneath:   Similar names and bundles Medications not normally utilized or endorsed Commonly utilized drug where patients are hypersensitive Medication that need legitimate testing for appropriate helpful organization Entry and affirmation of remedy Zeros and shortenings Organized workforce and decrease of interruption and stress Patient advising Storage   Dispensing off base medication 40% 20% 2% 10% 5% 10% 11% Dose 20% 30% 10% 5% 20% 10% 5% Dosage structure 8% 2% 1% 5% half 10% 20% 4% Quantity 1% 20% 1% 3% 10% 30% 20% 15% Administration time 1% 5% 3% 2% 10% 30% 40% 9% Wrong marking 30% 5% 2% 10% 5% '10% 8% Inadequate headings 5% 20% 10% 5% 2% 10% 38% Inappropriate readiness, bundling and capacity 20% 40% 5% 1% 5% 29% 1% Graphical Representation of the outcomes Discoveries   It was found that at a drug store, for example, Walgreens where around 250 solutions passages are made in a day, around 4 mistakes happen. Reports relate these to a higher pace of conflicting correspondence. The standard reason was tranquilize dose. There were additionally a few medications that were related with a higher pace of overdosing and inaccurate remedies when contrasted with others. Hence, according to this examination, it was clear that clinical focuses that have a higher progression of patients and the odds of affirmation have higher paces of mistakes when contrasted with other private facilities and physicists. End   It is significant that the set down proficient morals are clung to in various fields. This is particularly inside the clinical field where a slight slip-up can prompt obliterating outcomes. Accordingly, medicinal services suppliers are constantly committed to utilize the information that they obtained in their examinations just as new information and practices suitably. They ought to guarantee that medications are recommended in the most fitting manners to stay away from mistakes. Specifically, modernized medication passages ought to be counterchecked to dispense with inconsistencies. Be that as it may, attributable to the ceaseless change in the idea of ailment forms and thus the creation of cutting edge sedate recipes, there is have to lead more research. These will give more direction to ensure safe medication solution by suppliers of medicinal services administrations utilizing new mechanical strategies. Proposals   The representatives at Walgreens need to decrease the paces of remedy mistakes to help hold clients and maintain a strategic distance from superfluous claims. A portion of the means they can take are to guarantee the right passage of solutions. These ought to be affirmed. They ought to be cautious with drugs that resemble the other the same and sound the same just as take care with zeros and contractions. They should make the work environment sorted out and decrease interruptions, stress and substantial outstanding burdens however much as could reasonably be expected. They ought to likewise guarantee that medications are put away appropriately and check all remedies. The most significant thing is to guarantee that patients are dropped before ingesting the medications. References Benjamin, D. M. Diminishing drug mistakes and expanding quiet security: contextual analyses inclinical pharmacology. Diary of Clinical Pharmacology.2003;43:768â€83. Carroll, P. Drug issues: the greater picture.RN. 2003;66(1):52â€8. Wu, A. W., Pronovost, P., and Morlock, L. ICU episode detailing systems.Journal of CriticalCare. 2006;17(2):86â€94 Source record

Ralph Was He a Good Leader - Literature Essay Samples

As First Lady Rosalynn Carter once said, â€Å"A leader takes people where they want to go. A great leader takes people where they don’t necessarily want to go, but ought to be,† applies to many leaders and one of them is Ralph. In Lord of the Flies by William Golding, a herd of school boys are stranded on an unknown island. There is no adult supervision and the boys are left to fend for themselves. Ralph is chosen as leader and rules come to be formed. However, this civilization doesn’t last long and the group disperses, most following Jack into savagery while a few stay with Ralph. Indeed, Ralph wasn’t a great leader who could take people where they don’t want to go but ought to be. If Ralph had possessed better leadership qualities, taken his thinking into action, and placed himself in the other boys’ shoes and considered what the boys would want, the civilization entrusted to him wouldn’t have broken down. An important point is that Ralph didn’t bring himself to consider the other boys’ thoughts before saying things that would affect the social well-being of the island. Boys at the ages of about 6 through 12 would want fun and pleasure, and at the same time they need some boundary to their fun and some organization; nonetheless, Ralph didn’t seem to be able to do take such a perspective into account. In the book on page 45, Piggy exclaims, â€Å"You said Ralph was chief and you don’t give him time to think. Then when he says something you rush off†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Ralph didn’t stop to think before he went off mentioning the fire before everything was settled down. Obviously young boys would get excited at the thought of building a fire. â€Å"A fire! Make a fire!† was their initial response. The fire was not the only time this kind of action happened. In chapter fourJack apologizes for letting the fire out but Ralph doesn’t accept it and t his results in Jack and the hunters becoming mad and annoyed. â€Å"That was a dirty trick,† Ralph says in response, still not giving in. Jack was able to win over a lot of the boys because he knew what they wanted. A good leader should be able to put themselves in their peoples’ shoes and brood about what they want before making the call. Ralph, simply put, did not do this. Next, the chief of this island (Ralph) couldn’t bring himself to translate his plans into action. He would think and talk, but nothing would ever really happen. â€Å"And another thing- â€Å"Too many things,† a memorable phrase on page 81, shows that Ralph would go on and on talking. You get to see that even the boys are tired of Ralph’s constant chatter about how to live the life of paradise as a life of boredom. And, you get to see later that none of Ralph’s rules would matter anymore later on when Jack rebels. â€Å"But you’ve talked and talked!† Jack profoundly states on page 81. Young boys are not patient, as one should naturally expect of the young and disoriented, but Ralph didn’t seem to know this. They have a short attention span. In addition his rules weren’t really well explained to the boys. If it was well explained then the boys wouldn’t have had such a problem with the laws. In other words Ralph was slow. Another argument is that Ralph didn’t possess the leadership qualities that he should have had to lead a wayward bunch of boys. You get to see this breakdown in the beginning, when the boys and Ralph had same views they got along. However, when their views started changing they were all over the place. Ralph even admits it himself on page 82: â€Å"Things are breaking up. I don’t understand why. We began well; we were happy.† If Ralph had possessed the leadership qualities that he should have had, then when they had opposing views he could have been able to let the boys see from his side of the view. Going back to the quote a good leader takes his or her people, once more, to where they don’t want to go but need to go. Ralph wasn’t able to do this. Although one could argue that Ralph could’ve been a better leader the civilization didn’t only collapse because of Ralph. Jack Merridew and the â€Å"beastie† also took a part in this too: â€Å"They talk and scream. The littluns. Even some of the others. As if- as if it wasn’t a good island,† Ralph observed. He was talking about how the â€Å"beastie† was affecting the littluns. The littluns’ fear passed onto most of the boys and this caused a lot of problems. The â€Å"beastie† represented the dark, evil side of the human nature. There was also another factor, Jack Merridew. He changed so much at his time on the island. He turned into a savage and caused most of the boys to follow him to savagery which also lead to the downfall of the civilization and order. However if Ralph was a better leader he could’ve put a stop to it. He could’ve put a stop to all this. He could have comforted the littluns from their fears of the beastie and caused Jack to stop from turning into a mad barbarian, but he didn’t. Ralph, despite his qualities of thoughtfulness and compassion, wasn’t a strong leader; if he had been the civilization of the island wouldn’t have died out. Ralph did not have the leadership essence, did not take his thinking to action, and he didn’t place himself in his people’s shoes and ponder what they want and what they need. His failure of empathy was, ultimately, a failure of leadership.

Money Economy Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1405 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Economy Essay Money Essay Did you like this example? Persistence problems in the U.S. deal with the sluggish employment growth, the slowdown of household consumption, and the limitations in furthering the fiscal policy. Also, a combination of excessive liquidity, low interest rates, high leverage, poor risk management, excessive risk-taking had possibly let too many assets, emerging market debt prices. Even though the US is the richest country it does (like any other country) have issues that hurt our economic performance. Monetary policy plays a key role for the development of our economys rate of inflation which is the Central Banks responsibility. The Fed has 3 primary functions which are to regulate the banking industry, act as Bankers Bank, and most important conducts monetary policy which the FOMC controls money supply. If the central bank fails to do so inflation can cause a plethora of problems. In todays economy, targeting the levels of real variables and trying to pursue detection of where the unemploym ent rate will settle may take away from lowering inflation. GDP and the unemployment rate fluctuate throughout each year that it could raise or fall immediately and inflation could creep up even when demand is settle. William Poole shares his example; he states, â€Å"Weve seen substantial wage increases in the airline industry; if airlines are to be profitable over time they will have to recover those costs through some combination of productivity gains and price increases, even though travel demand is not currently strong.† The higher wages in the airlines industry are directly related to inflation rising. Wages and salaries usually keep up with inflation. For instance, 2% inflation means wages will increase by 2%. In 2001, the Fed Fund rates increase 11 times to a rate of 1.75%. The following year the economy recovered but the faltering in the US recovery in the fall of 2002 and the risk of a double dip recession led the fed to reduce the Fed Funds to as low as 1%. A jo bless recovery had then emerged during and continued after the war with Iraq. Inflation started to increase with growth of output and the jobs that had picked up. Will the Fed Funds rate and will that cut prevent a hard landing? Another U.S. economy vulnerability is people are saving-less and debt is a stand out. The high levels of household indebtedness (mortgages, consumer credit, etc.) with debt service costs now rising because of a credit crunch. There are a number of negative shocks such as: falling home prices, and falling home equity withdraw. Housing recession and its first fall in home process has been since the 1930s. The housing recession to worsening rather than bottoming out. The US and global recessions are associated with oil prices rising. After the Iraq war oil prices remained the same in 2004-05 because of high demand from the US and China. The issues in 2004-05 with oil prices and energy led to concerns about stagflation (low growth plus inflation). Each bar rel of oil was about $70.00 and either stayed the same or increased for several months. The reason why the oil shock didnt lead to an economic slowdown was the high demand rather than stagflation supply shocks. Will the recent high oil prices carry over to a global slowdown in 07-08? Many times today we look at the American economy and we do an internal SWOT analysis, one of the things I have learned is the U.S. economy is not the only successful economy. There are many other nations that have thriving economies that are showing tremendous growth. Africa is one the up and coming economies these days after many years of stagnation Africa has showed potential for growth since 2001 there has been around 4.9% growth annually in domestic profit. You may ask yourself about uncertainty despite the optimism you may feel about investing in the African economy you have to notice that it is experiencing the highest growth since the 1970s.The basic economic question has to be brought to the forefront consumers are getting more involved with the everyday structure of business and when and why they do well. We have to answer the question of why there is a large economic difference between south and North Korea, East and West Germany, Mainland China and Hong Kong, these are situations that we have to explain and without the theories and studies the would be no clarity. These countries have to allow the government to interfere and even things out with the intentions of growth for the whole nation and not just tourist destinations, and prime factory areas. This class has taught me that equilibrium is basically left up to the consumer and the person offering the service they have to come to an agreement on the amount of service rendered and an accepted medium of exchange that is best for both parties. Entrepreneurship is a staple of American business it allows business owners to be open to innovation and not be afraid to have some uniqueness to the products or services of fered. Asia is one of the most thriving economies but what we fail to see that since 1998 the have been in a severe recession, they also have instituted an IMF bailout plan was brought forward to help the situation. The thing is that the IMF plan has done more bad than good because of the employment conditions have gone down causing the economy participation rate to go down also. North Korea has many opportunities for growth they have an abundance of coal, and other minerals and metals. North Korea has been a very good example for other nations alike. Korea has done many things to equip themselves for the future the companies they develop are made to last, and continue success for many years to come. The U.S. has set the tone copying the central bank. What the Fed can do, at least to some extent, is prevent problems in specific sectors from becoming general problems. That is exactly how to view monetary policy this year. Tech investment is down, but housing investment and c onsumption have been maintained pretty well. Declining interest rates have certainly assisted in supporting aggregate demand. This is the whole story behind the U.S. economy and it has been very successful in doing this, but there are so many other things that have influenced the success experienced by the U.S. economy. China is another one of the strong economies of today China uses a strategy that calls for stability as the main objective, and today the communist party is putting economic stability in the forefront which also allows for great results when a company thinks of the long run instead of quarterly they have a tendency to perform better. Now we have to continue to remember that no matter what your plan is the goal has to be that supply will have to meet demand. I was looking at monetary policy for the U.S. and I read that investors fear turmoil in the credit sector, this means that all the financial institutions will all take a cut because of the failure of the bor rowers to repay loans given by the credit agencies. In whole one of the things I have learned is that many nations are just like a business they need accountants and economist to come in and monitor operations as far as spending, loans, and balancing all accounts .Its the failure of the nation in a whole that have caused this its nothing we can say specifically was caused by any one group of people it is a hard fought battle for the Fed and the government to get this deficit balanced. In conclusion, along with all the advantages of having one the best economies comes with disadvantages as well. The recent high oil prices for the US will lead to a global slowdown and were still trillions of dollars in debt with the number still growing. The actions the US economy takes effects not only America but other countries as well such as: foreign market, real variables, nominal variables, fiscal policy, and household consumption. Everyone knows that the U.S. is the strongest economy but as of lately other countries economies are rising. For instance countries like Africa, China, and Germanys domestic profit growth continues to rise with time. More countries are coming to see that capitalism might just be the road to riches, and a route that the U.S. has been traveling for a number of decades. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Money Economy Example For Free" essay for you Create order

Plato’s 1st Argument for the Immortality of the Soul from...

Plato’s 1st argument for the Immortality of the Soul from opposites and Theory of Reincarnation Plato’s Phaedo is a dialog between Phaedo, Cebes and Simmias where Socrates gives some arguments for the immortality of the soul. In this work, Phaedo tells us about Socrates’ final days, who has been convicted to death. Great philosopher does not have a fear of death because he believes that when a man dies, the soul still exists even if the body perishes. Trying to prove his arguments, Socrates presents two proofs – Doctrine of Opposites and second which is based on Theory of Recollections. In Phaedo he writes: â€Å"That soul, I say, herself invisible, departs to the invisible world – to the divine and immortal and rational†¦Ã¢â‚¬ .†¦show more content†¦People from these denominations do believe in concept of rebirth. But religious sects such as Christianity, Islam and Judaism do not believe in theory of reincarnation. This theory is ve ry close to Plato and some other Greek philosophers who believe in the Immortality of the soul. As for me, in some cases I do agree with Plato – in Theory of Opposites. Undoubtedly, in our world we can always find two opposite things, actions, etc. Small and tall people, healthy and unhealthy people, sunny and cloudy day, hot and cold weather†¦ But I do not believe in the Immortality of the soul in general. To my mind Plato came to this conclusion due to the times he lives in. But we cannot base our beliefs on what we want to be true; the truth can be found by weighing the evidence for a given idea. Thus, he took what he knew to be true at the time and formulated his opinions which were founded on that knowledge. I guess, if Plato lived nowadays, may be he would approach to another conclusion. I do not think that Plato makes credible arguments for the immortality of the soul. To my mind, his concepts were built on his desires. I mean, that life is difficult and awkward e nough without knowing of our mortality. There is inexplicable reality that so many people struggle so hard and it seems so unjust. Let’s take a simple example of a man, who has passed away in the accident. He did not do anything wrong – as most people he was working,

Marketing Objectives for Nike Sports Drink free essay sample

Nike will have a number of different marketing objectives for their isotonic sports drink, Nike Go. A main market objective will be to establish the isotonic drink as the most credible sports drink in the market. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Objectives for Nike Sports Drink or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This will not just happen though, this can only happen through a lot of promotion and appeal. Creating strong consumer awareness is very important in gaining market share as it is a completely new product from Nike. This can be done through promoting the product, Nike Go, and allowing consumers to become aware that Nike has this new product. In order to establish brand recognition, there needs to be a capture of market shares in the sports drink segment. This will mean the product, Nike Go, will be well known and therefore will be able to compete well within this market. Ultimately, the overall objective is to become the top market leader. This means being the most popular isotonic sports drink in the market. Market Segmentation Today we are in an age of intense competition, so it is vital to develop a product for a specific market segment, which concentrates on one type of product. Our product, Nike Go, is an isotonic sports drink in a very competitive market. It would not be cost-effective selling to all the segments of a market. Instead, it is better to focus on the segment which will get the largest share for the company. The marketing function will therefore focus on targeting this segment. (Irish Times – Business 2000). For Nike, they have to breakdown the market into four categories: geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavioural. For geographic, the country that the product will be released is within the UK. This includes all over England, Scotland, Wales, and the North of Ireland, with the main cities involved in sport being targeted. This is due to the constant rise in the number of people exercising and engaging in sporting activities. Demographic segmentation takes into account the different factors involved, such as age and gender. Nike Go will be aimed at 16-44 year olds, and is targeting at both male and female. Psychographic segmentation is the process of dividing the markets into segments on the basis of consumer lifestyles and their interests and opinions. The lifestyle of the target market will consumers who are athlete and active individuals. Their interests will include being into sport and exercising. The final segmentation factor is behavioural. This takes into account when and what the consumers’ will be using the product for. The targeted consumers will be those who wish to use the product before, during or after exercise, to help quench thirst, prevent dehydration, and replenish depleted energy stores. Targeting The target market for Nike Go is people who engage in sports or exercise. More and more people are now getting involved in sports and exercise in an attempt to stay fit and healthy, while enjoying themselves at the same time. Nike Go aims to help give people participating in sport an extra boost, and the ability to keep on going for longer. This market is a tough market to break into, with GlaxoSmithKline Plc. (Lucozade) and Red Bull Co Ltd leading the sports and energy drinks category, with a combined value share of 64% in 2012. Although other manufacturers are slowly gaining traction with their own products, meaning that there is a place in the market for a new isotonic drink from Nike, an already well-known brand in the sports market. (Euromonitor) The main cities that will be targeted with Nike Go are the UK’s most active cities. These cities include London, as they were the last city to host the Olympics. South Wales as Cardiff is the home of British rugby. Nottingham and Sheffield as they are both home to two well-known soccer teams. Leeds Yorkshire as they are the proudest of all cricketing counties. Manchester because they have the two most well-known soccer teams in UK. Glasgow as it is footballing capital of Scotland. Belfast because it is the main city in North of Ireland with the main sporting teams from here. The reason this product will be based within the UK is due to the rise in the participation of sports and exercise. In 2012, a report found that 44. 6 per cent of adults in the UK participated in sport or exercise, which has increased from 2006, at 41.  2 per cent. Figure 1. Shows this, as well as the percentage increase throughout all of the years from 2005. This shows that it is a perfect time to release an isotonic sports drink into the market, as the number of people participating in exercise is constantly increasing. Figure 1. 1 The product will be aimed at males and females between the age of 16-44, as this age group are the most active in sport, as shown in figure 1. 2. Figure 1. 2 Description of Product Nike Go is a new isotonic sports drink that is formulated in a way to aid people in rehydrating themselves during or after exercise. Nike Go is rich in carbohydrates as carbohydrates are the most efficient source of energy. It also has a number of sweeteners and preservatives. The main part of Nike Go is the electrolytes it contains, which include chloride, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium, which diminish during exercise through sweat and bodily fluid. Nike Go replaces these electrolytes that are lost during sports and exercise which promotes proper hydration, an important factor in delaying the onset of fatigue during sports and exercise. In order for Nike Go to be successful in the sports and energy drinks market, it must stand out and appeal to the consumers, which involves a lot of branding. Branding will allow consumers to easily identify the product and creates an interest in it. Nike are a global brand, which will help in releasing the product. When consumers see that Nike Go has the ‘tick’ symbol on the bottle, they will know that it is from Nike which will make it have good customer awareness. This will attract consumers to the drink as they know Nike are a well-established and very good company. We also have come up with the logo ‘JUST GET UP AND GO’. This logo is in place to help make customers aware of our new product, Nike Go, and to try and give our product an advantage over competitors. The idea is that when people see or hear the logo, ‘JUST GET UP AND GO’, they will think of the Nike Go. This logo is also related to the product. It simply means to get up and get doing something practical, whether it be a quick run, or a game of football. Our product will then give them the boost they need, and help them get through their exercise activity. Product Life Cycle The first stage for Nike Go was development, where innovation was key. The second stage is growth, which begins when Nike Go is entered into the market. There is not a lot of rivalry at this stage, and there is low entry barriers. The next stage is Maturity, where the growth of Nike Go will level off, and there is a lot of rivalry. The key here for Nike Go will be to have high market share. The final stage in Nike Go’s life cycle will be decline. This is where Nike Go will begin to lose sales and decline, but new promotion and branding can help Nike Go get back to the growth stage again.

The Boxer Rebellion

Table of Contents Introduction Origin of Boxer Organization Causes of Boxer Rebellion The Aftermath Conclusion Bibliography Footnotes Introduction The Boxer rebellion, which is also referred to as Boxer Uprising or Yihetuan lobby group, was a proto-separatist group by the Righteous Harmony Society in China. The lobby group emerged between 1898 and 1901. The group was against foreign invasion and introduction of Christianity in China.[1] The revolution was also against the partitioning of China. Colonial interference led to conflicts ranging from interruption of opium trade to economic exploitation.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Boxer Rebellion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Chinese citizens were against the signing of treaties that benefited only foreign powers. The Qing regime was forced into signing unpopular treaties that aimed at subjugating the people of China. For instance, British fore igners used the power of the treaties to acquire land that was later appropriated to the church. The Chinese peasants were forced to surrender their resources to foreigners. The activities of foreigners in China resulted to rebellion that was later termed as Boxer rebellion. In 1900, the Boxer members waged war on foreigners, forcing them to seek asylum in the Legation area. The Empress, who requested the foreigners to leave, supported the demonstrators. Consequently, foreigners were at the mercy of the Boxer fighters for approximately fifty-five days. Those attacked included envoys, civilians and foreign soldiers. The government of China weighed options between destroying the residence of foreigners and requesting them to leave peacefully. Within the Chinese forces, there were those who supported extermination of foreigners. Others preferred to send them back to their homelands peacefully. This caused a delay that later on led to the defeat of the boxers and the Chinese government. Eight nations agreed to send troops to crash the boxers. Indeed, twenty thousand soldiers were deployed in China. Through the alliance of eight nations, the imperial army of China was defeated and foreigners captured Beijing. In September 1901, the Boxer protocol was signed, which ended the uprising. Consequently, the Boxers were heavily punished for being aggressive to foreigners. The Chinese government was ordered to pay sixty seven million pounds as compensation to the eight nations involved in the war. This paper will therefore analyze the causes of Boxer uprising. The paper evaluates whether the uprising was successful. To do this, a brief history of the Boxer organization will be outlined. Origin of Boxer Organization As earlier stated, the Boxer organization was also referred to as the society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists. The Boxer secret society was established in the northern coastal province of Shandong. The society consisted of people who had been deprived of their rights. Members of the group had been rendered jobless due to the effects of colonialism. Colonialists had taken everything from them, including their trade.Advertising Looking for research paper on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, natural disasters had affected many people, which forced them to fight for survival in society. The group gained the name because of their fighting skills. The members of the group had received a superb form of training that enabled them to engage foreigners in war effectively. They had been trained in martial arts and aerobics. The group was typified by spirit ownership that included the spiraling of weapons, aggressive prostrations and reciting prayers to Taoist and Buddhist feelings. Members of Boxer uprising assumed that through exercise, diet, antagonistic arts and hope they would perform surprising acts including flight. The Boxers had strong faith since they believed that spirits would come from heaven to help them in flushing out foreigners from their land. The Boxers comprised of peasants and other members of society that had been displaced by foreigners. Foreigners had taken over opium trade, which was relied upon by locals. Missionaries had further criminalized the use of opium, forcing many youths to adjust their lives. It was difficult for some of them to do without opium. Therefore, they decided to fight back in order to eliminate opium trade. On the hand, the Boxers could not target missionaries alone since Christian servants were protected under the treaty of extraterritoriality[2]. Chinese peasants accused Chinese Christians for allowing foreigners to terrorize them. The Boxers did not have sophisticated weapons that could match the kind of weapons possessed by foreigners. They relied on supernatural spirits, which proved futile in war. The Boxers could be likened to American Ghost Dance fighters. Such fighters try to fight for their rights due to frustrations and stress in society. In China, various activities went on in society. The aims of various groups were diverse. The Boxers of Shandong were particularly concerned with conservative social and ethical principles, such as filial piousness. Most of the leaders of the organization were traditional medicine men. For instance, Zhu Hongdeng was a traditional doctor who specialized in curing ulcers. The leader offered his services for free hence gaining respect in society. He was determined to revive the Qing regime by flushing out all foreigners. His ambition was however cut short when the eight nations invaded China. Causes of Boxer Rebellion The causes of the rebellion can be divided into two. There were internal causes and international causes. Therefore, it can be summarized that global tension and national unrest precipitated the intensification and spread of the Boxer movement. Between 1897 and 1898, farmers in China were hit by a prolonged drought followed by f loods. Many farmers and other small businesspersons decided to move to towns to look for food and better lives.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Boxer Rebellion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many people depended on farming, which was badly affected by drought. In towns, Chinese farmers could not find employment because they did not have enough skills to operate machines in industries. Life in urban areas was characterized by frustrations and stress, which forced farmers to seek for other alternatives[3]. They saw that flushing out foreigners would be a good idea. They would then take over businesses owned by Europeans. Another cause of Boxer revolution was the activities of missionaries in the country. The Boxers were against the activities of both Protestants and Catholics. The missionaries flocked China after 1980. The missionaries had hidden agendas, which disillusioned many farmers. They could be given free land and other public resources to construct churches. Furthermore, missionaries were not subjected to law. Missionaries were the major cause of conflict in China. In November 1897 for instance, a group of aggrieved Boxers stormed one church run by a German missionary referred to as George Stenz. The youths killed two priests and injured others. In retaliation, a group of Christians defended the church by engaging the Boxers in attacks. The event is referred to as the Juye incident. The event had a negative effect to the residents of Shandong. The German leader ordered soldiers to occupy Jiazhou Bay, which was in the southern coast of Shandong. These soldiers frequently harassed residents of Shandong because they did not respect missionaries. A section of Boxers attacked missionaries in October 1898 at Liyuantun village. In this village, a Chinese temple had been replaced with a catholic church. The premise had been allocated to the church illegally since the Chinese locals built it. This attack is also important in understanding the Boxer rebellion because it is out of this that the Boxers made a resolution to attack foreigners. Foreign powers realized that tension was high between missionaries and the locals, especially the Boxers. In 1899, the French official intervened to ease out the pressure on missionaries. The official declared that missionaries could intervene in cases involving their relatives without following the due process. This was highly criticized by the Chinese officials. Local Chinese leaders feared that foreign powers were intending to colonize China in bits. Chinese officials protested by claiming that foreign powers had to withdraw missionaries and stop opium trade if they were to be allowed to stay in China. This was not attended to since local leaders had no military power to counter the influence of foreign powers. This is a clear indication that the activities of missionaries angered many people in society. It is not su rprising that Boxers decided to rise against them.Advertising Looking for research paper on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another cause of Boxer revolt is the Hundred Days Reform plan. The program was established in 11 June 1898 and was supposed to run up to 21 September 1898. Progressive officials within the Chinese government established the program with back up from Protestant Christians. The missionaries urged the emperor to come up with reforms that would benefit them. However, the reforms alienated many educated Chinese, who went ahead to support guerilla movements such as the Boxer. The Empress sided with educated Chinese by supporting the activities of Boxer movement. Afterwards, the empress took over power as the Chinese leader but the western powers refused to accept the empress as the de facto leader of China. The new leader promised to overturn the plans established by the previous regime. This was against the interests of Europeans, who wanted to control decision-making processes in the state. The empress was forced to utilize illegal groups such as the Boxers to claim power. The Boxers fo ught to institute a regime that would be responsive to their sufferings. The previous regime served the interests of colonial powers but not the wishes and desires of the majority Chinese. Furthermore, the opium trade precipitated the Boxer rebellion. The western powers forced the Chinese population to utilize opium, which caused many sufferings since productive population was rendered useless mainly because of drug addiction. Local leaders were against European invasion because the illegal drug had disorganized the youths. Other issues that were opposed by the regime include the imposition of unequal treaties and formalizing Christianity as the only form of accepted religion in the state. Foreigners disregarded other religions such as Buddhism and Shinto. Foreigners were given special treatment at the expense of locals. Foreign firms could easily violate the law without punishment. Indeed, by 1900, colonial powers had seized Chinese land and tricked the government into entering in inauspicious treaties. The government realized later that the accords were not beneficial to the people of China. This caused bitterness and intolerant reactions leading to uprisings such as the Boxer revolt. China had been divided into spheres of influence. Each power had its own territory meaning that China was under various foreign administrations. The people of China saw that their culture and sovereignty was under threat. Conservative Chinese saw it wise to engage foreign powers in conflicts in order to restore sovereignty. Therefore, Boxer revolt was staged because of continued loss of sovereignty. Change in the administration is also seen as one of the causes of Boxer revolution. In January 1900, the empress reversed her policy concerning Boxers. The empress supported the activities of Boxers, which was highly disputed by foreign powers. The administration supported the Boxers by giving them technical support and protecting them from the law. The Boxers could torch Christian houses without facing the long hand of the law.[4] The Boxers engaged themselves in rowdy behaviors after realizing that the regime in power supported their activities. On June 5, they uprooted the railway that connected Beijing to other parts of the country. It was difficult for foreigners to conduct business since the railway was the main means of transport. Furthermore, the Boxers engaged in boisterous behaviors by unleashing terror to foreign diplomats. The German official ordered the murder of one of the Boxer member who was found roaming in the Legation Quarter. This is seen as the immediate cause of Boxer war. In the same afternoon, Boxers turned up in large numbers to participate in war. They terrorized Christians and other foreigners by burning their houses and beating them senselessly. The British soldiers engaged the rioters in war, which angered other villagers and the government. The Boxers received support from other extremist groups such as the Kansu braves. The After math It can be reported that the Boxer war was not successful. This is because of various reasons. After the war, the Russians invaded Manchuria and imposed ominous laws. Manchuria was forced to sign treaties that did not benefit its members. Russian forces took advantage of the war to weaken the people of Manchuria economically. The foreign powers occupied most cities and other urban areas in China for over one year. It was reported that German soldiers killed many Boxers because they trailed them to villages. German soldiers had clear instructions to kill but not to take Boxers as prisoners of war. The people of China paid dearly because the French officials moved to villages to collect indemnities in form of wealth[5]. Furthermore, women and children underwent hard times because they were forced to spend their nights in the cold. The Russian forces abused women sexually. On their part, the Japanese beheaded Boxers and their supporters. In the streets, soldiers and civilians loote d public resources and destroyed public infrastructure. Surprisingly, the Cathedral was used as a market center for disposing stolen goods. Some foreign officials distanced their governments from looting but it was mere publicity. Generally, the Boxers suffered because their properties were confiscated and given to Chinese Christians. The society lost a lot because it was reported that Chinese women committed suicide after being raped by soldiers. Families were left unattended, which led to untold sufferings. After the revolution, Chinese people had nothing to eat, forcing them to rely on grants from the government. Many foreign firms took advantage of the war to utilize the services of Chinese workers cheaply. Administratively, the Qing family was not overthrown. Foreign powers guaranteed the empress of her safety in case she cooperated. On the other hand, the advisers of the empress urged her to go on with the war, arguing that her regime would win the war. However, other leaders agreed to surrender but on condition that their security was guaranteed. This shows that the war was not successful at all because most parts of China were taken over by foreign powers. Even areas that were previously controlled by Chinese leaders were taken over by foreign powers. Foreign powers agreed to offer protection to local leaders on condition that they mobilized cheap labor for them. Local leaders were afterwards supposed to collect taxes and present free labor to foreign mining sites. The Qing court cooperated with the foreign powers by allowing the signing of Boxer protocol on 7 September 1901[6]. The treaty was hostile to the people of China because it ordered the execution of planners of the war. This caused psychological trauma to families of the affected. Moreover, the war was never triumphant since China was ordered to pay millions of dollars. The reparation was to be paid within thirty-nine years, which was a short period given that the state was weak economically. It is estimated that each Chinese had to pay one tael of silver. The Chinese government could no longer sustain itself. It had to rely on foreign powers for funding of major projects. This allowed foreigners to manipulate decision-making processes in government. Foreigners were given access to the economy because they could import sub-standard goods and force the locals to buy them. Furthermore, there was unfavorable balance of trade because the Chinese government exported its products to foreign states at a cheaper price. However, goods entering China were exempted of taxes meaning that the government got nothing from importation. Through analysis, it is established that some benefits accrued from the Boxer war. The US government taxed Chinese farmers to educate their children abroad. This was under Boxer indemnity scholarship program. The US government opened up an education center that would teach English language to local youths, who would then apply for scholarships in the US. Those trained in the US would then come back to their country to teach their fellow compatriots. Through this arrangement, the first university was established in China, which was referred to as Tsinghua University. Conclusion The Boxer rebellion was caused by factors such as confiscation of private property and displacement of the local population. The locals wanted to flush out foreigners so that they could get some space to conduct business. The activities of missionaries angered the Chinese because public land was misappropriated to them. The missionaries did not appreciate the existence of other religions. Furthermore, they did not follow the laws of the land. On the other hand, Boxer war was caused by natural disasters whereby farmers lost everything due to draught. They were forced to seek for employment in urban centers. The foreigners were reluctant to offer them jobs since they were illiterate. They decided to flush out foreigners in order to take over their businesses. T he rebellion was never successful because the people of China paid dearly. Many lives were lost and property worth millions of dollars was destroyed. Furthermore, the people of China were taxed in order to compensate foreign powers. Bibliography Elliott, Jane. Some Did It for Civilization, Some Did It for Their Country: A Revised View of the Boxer War. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 2002. Print. Harrington, Peter. Peking 1900: The Boxer Rebellion. Oxford: Osprey, 2001,  96. Print. Hevia, James. â€Å"Leaving a Brand on China: Missionary Discourse in the Wake of the Boxer Movement†. Modern China 18.3, 1992, 304-332. Hunt, Michael. â€Å"The Forgotten Occupation: Peking, 1900-1901†. Pacific Historical Review 48.4, 1979, 501-529. Sharf, Frederic and Harrington, Peter. China 1900: The Eyewitnesses Speak. London: Greenhill, 2000. Print. Thompson, Clinton. William Scott Ament and the Boxer Rebellion: Heroism, Hubris, and the Ideal Missionary. Jefferson, NC: McFar land, 2009. Print. Footnotes Jane, Elliott. Some Did It for Civilization, Some Did It for Their Country: A Revised View of the BoxerWar. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 2002. Print. P.63 Peter, Harrington. Peking 1900: The Boxer Rebellion. Oxford: Osprey, 2001,  96. Print. P. 41 Thompson, Clinton. William Scott Ament and the Boxer Rebellion: Heroism, Hubris, and the Ideal Missionary. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2009. Print. P.58 Michael, Hunt. â€Å"The Forgotten Occupation: Peking, 1900-1901†. Pacific Historical Review 48.4, 1979, 501-529. Frederic, Sharf and Peter, Harrington. China 1900: The Eyewitnesses Speak. London: Greenhill, 2000. Print. P.124 James Hevia,. â€Å"Leaving a Brand on China: Missionary Discourse in the Wake of the Boxer Movement†. Modern China 18.3, 1992, 304-332. This research paper on The Boxer Rebellion was written and submitted by user Journey Burgess to help you with your own studies. 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