Angolan Civil War - 2197 Words

4 Analyze the effects of the cold war on apartheid in South Africa or on another specified issue and region or country. Note: Initially, my plan was to cover the whole period of the cold war and its effects on Angola. While researching for this topic though, I came across a vast body of works and therefore decided to focus on a more specific theme: Soviet-American competition in the region between 1974 and 1976. What role did competition between the superpowers have in the early stages of the Angolan Civil War (1974-76)? ________________________________ As revolution erupted in Portugal in 1974, independence movements in virtually all of its former colonies gained considerable momentum. In Angola, unlike the other†¦show more content†¦Mobutu soon made a second attempt to seize Cabinda, invading with a mixed FNLA-FLEC-Zairian force of about 3,000, with direct CIA arms support, but the MPLA, backed by Cuban advisors, defeated them[11]. On November 7-10 Cuba began a major expansion of its direct military assistance to the MPLA, dispatching a 650-man special forces battalion to help defend Luanda. After the US successfully pressed some Caribbean countries to not allow Cuban transfer flights to land, in the following months the Soviets provided Cuba with long-range aircraft. Shortly after the independence, on November 13, a small number of Soviet military advisors arrived in Luanda. On November 11, the day of independence, the MPLA, backed by Cuban artillerymen and Soviet-supplied 122 millimeter multiple rocket launchers, had defeated the FNLA-Zairian-Portuguese Angolan forces north of Luanda, which devastated their morale. From mid-November to early January 1976 the MPLA, with growing Cuban support, chased the FNLA-Zairian forces north and stopped the South African advance from the south. By this time the Cuban troops had reached a substantial number of an estimated 12,000[12]. American attempts through the CIA to recruit European mercenaries were quite ineffective, and caused significant embarrassment when several captured mercenaries, including an American, were captured and executed[13].Show MoreRelatedAngola, Africa: The Terror of a Mass Uprising Involving the African Working Class903 Words   |  4 PagesAngola Africa’s greatest running war was formally brought to an end on April 4 when the both sides in Angola’s civil war signed a tranquility deal over a 26-year conflict that began when the country was affirmed independent in 1975. The death of the head of the Union for the whole Independence of Angola (UNITA), Jonas Savimbi, at the hands of administration forces on February 22, paved the way for the present resolution. Since then the conflict which has left the country confounded and killed halfRead MoreAngol The National Health System2371 Words   |  10 Pagesobtain access to the proper education, there is an absence of a functioning government, they have little to no access to clean and safe water, and the proper medical treatment and treatment facilities are very scarce or non existent. â€Å"An underdeveloped, war-scarred country that has foundered for decades under corrupt leadership, Angola is one of the poorest lands on earth,† (Mouawad). All which can have detrimental effects into their daily lives. 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The Conflict Trap Theory The Conflict Trap is the theory that countries that have experienced civil war suffer a greater risk for new conflict than other countries with no prior history of civil war. Paul Collier argues that conflict occurs disproportionately in the countries in the ‘bottom billion’ population of the world because they have not had they ‘have not had any growth at all.’ Furthermore, he finds that the civil wars in theseRead MoreEssay on Major Slave Rebellions of the South1314 Words   |  6 Pagesproperty, to a threat to their security, resulting in many slave codes and laws passed by southerners that severely limited the rights of slaves. The Stono Rebellion is considered one of the most important slave rebellions in the south. It was led by Angolan slave, â€Å"Jemmy,† in September of 1739, in South Carolina. Jemmy led twenty slaves to Stono’s bridge near the Stono River, where they stole ammunition from Hutcheson’s store. They continued to move from plantation to plantation, killing the plantationRead MoreNigeria And Angol African Countries Plagued By The Resource Curse1686 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"weak institutions, natural resources are a curse† (Ologunla 2). Neither country has strong state institutions so political progress and economic development become difficult. A lack of state institutions lowers the standard of living and impedes civil rights. Corruption is also a â€Å"symptom of missing institutions† (McMillan 156). Corruption is a major obstacle in Nigeria and Angola which is influenced by oil money. In both cases there is a â€Å"bloc of corrupt powerful elites †¦ while a large percentageRead MoreFrom Coloniarl Rule to Civil War: Angola1768 Words   |  7 Pages2 Introduction From colonial rule to civil war, Angola is no stranger to elongated and extremely bloody conflicts. Throughout Angola’s history over the last five hundred years, the effects of the Transatlantic Slave Trade (TST) have by far made the longest lasting impact on the nation’s volatile past and future. This horrible marginalization of the country’s population provided a strong foundation that ultimately shaped the country’s future conflicts; a commonality that is shared with many otherRead MoreLogistics Plus And Its Impact On The Nation Of Angola1263 Words   |  6 PagesAfter a 27 year civil war ending in 2002, it was hard for them to bounce back to stability. They are currently rebuilding under the guidance of their president Josà © Eduardo dos Santos who has held the position since 1979 and was guaranteed the last five-year term because of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). MPLA was founded in 1956 and merged two nationalist organiza tions. Dos Santos is credited with leading the country to recovery after the end of the civil war in 2002. Others